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Bone graft

Bone graft

Definition

A bone graft is surgery to place new bone into spaces around a broken bone or bone defects.

Alternative Names

Autograft; Allograft

Description

The new bone can be taken from the patient's own healthy bone (this is called an autograft) or from frozen, donated bone (allograft).

A surgeon makes a cut over the bone defect. The bone graft is shaped and inserted into and around the area. The new bone is held in place with pins, plates, or screws. Stitches are used to close the wound. A splint or cast is usually used to prevent injury or movement while healing.

Why the Procedure is Performed

Bone grafts are used to:

  • Repair broken bones (fractures) that have bone loss
  • Repair injured bone that has not healed
  • Fuse joints to prevent movement

Recovery

Recovery time depends on the injury or defect being treated and generally varies from 2 weeks to 2 months. Vigorous exercise may be restricted for up to 6 months.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Most bone grafts help the bone defect to heal with little risk of graft rejection.

Risks

The risks for any anesthesia include:

  • Reactions to medications
  • Problems breathing
The risks for any surgery include:
  • Bleeding
  • Infection
Review Date: 10/23/2006
Reviewed By: Thomas N. Joseph, MD, Private Practice specializing in Orthopaedics, subspecialty Foot and Ankle, Camden Bone & Joint, Camden, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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